ASTM D6182-21 (updated as ASTM D6182-23) serves as the standard test method for evaluating the flexibility and adhesion of finished leather surfaces using a Bally Flexometer. This testing process, essential for quality control in industries like automotive and footwear, measures cracking, delamination, and discoloration by simulating real-world wear through repeated mechanical stress. The full technical specification and PDF can be acquired through authorized distributors, including the ASTM International website
Standard Test Method for Flexibility and Adhesion of Finish on Leather
ASTM D6182 standard, titled the "Standard Test Method for Flexibility and Adhesion of Finish on Leather," is a critical protocol used to evaluate how well leather finishes hold up under repeated mechanical stress. The current active version is ASTM D6182-23 , published in September 2023. 分析测试百科网 Core Purpose and Scope Evaluation Criteria : The method measures the resistance of finished leather to cracking, delamination, and discoloration Applicability
: It is intended for any type of finished leather but specifically does not apply to wet blue (semi-processed, chrome-tanned leather). Performance Indication
: It provides a scientific basis for assessing the overall strength and durability of the leather coating, simulating wear-and-tear such as the creases formed during walking. Unuo Instruments Technical Methodology The test utilizes a specialized machine called a Bally Flexometer to simulate repeated bending. iTeh Standards Apparatus and Calibration : The Bally Flexometer must operate at a rate of cycles per minute Specimen Preparation : Samples are typically cut to
using a precision die. Two pieces are usually tested: one parallel and one perpendicular to the backbone. Conditioning Procedures
: Specimens are conditioned at standard room temperature and humidity.
: Specimens are submerged in distilled or deionized water for 20 minutes
before testing to evaluate how moisture affects finish adhesion. Assessment
: Damage is visually rated after a fixed number of flexes, which can range from thousands to tens of thousands depending on the specific product requirements. 分析测试百科网 Acquisition and Compliance
As a copyrighted technical standard, the full PDF is not freely available for public download and must be purchased from authorized distributors: ASTM International : The official D6182 Standard Page offers the document in various formats. ANSI Webstore : Provides the ASTM D6182-23 PDF for approximately $64.00 USD Accuris (formerly IHS) : Sells the most recent edition for professional engineering use. ASTM International accredited laboratories
that perform this specific testing, or do you need a comparison between this and the flexing standard?
Manufacturer Leather Bally Flex Testing Instrument JIS K6545 ASTM D2813 ASTM D6182
ASTM D6182 is a technical standard used primarily in the leather industry to evaluate how well coatings (finishes) hold up when the leather is bent or stretched. The current active version of this standard is ASTM D6182-23
, which replaced the older versions like D6182-00(2015). It provides a standardized way for manufacturers to ensure that leather items—like shoes, car seats, or jackets—don't crack or peel during normal use. 🔍 Overview of the Standard Official Name
: Standard Test Method for Flexibility and Adhesion of Finish on Leather. : To measure a leather finish's resistance to delamination (peeling), and discoloration when flexed. What it Covers
: Any type of finished leather (e.g., upholstery, footwear). What it Excludes : It specifically does
apply to "wet blue" leather (semi-processed, uncolored leather). ASTM International ⚙️ How the Test Works The test uses a specialized machine called a Bally Flexometer iTeh Standards Preparation
: Leather specimens are cut into specific rectangular sizes (45 mm by 70 mm). : The piece is folded and clamped into the flexometer. : The machine bends the leather at a rate of 100 cycles per minute Inspection
: After a set number of flexes, the leather is checked for signs of damage like tiny cracks or finish separation. Variations
: Tests can be performed on "Dry" leather or "Wet" leather (submerged in water for 20 minutes before testing) to simulate different real-world conditions. 分析测试百科网 💡 Why It Matters astm d61821 pdf
This standard is a critical quality control tool for the global leather supply chain: Durability
: It predicts if a leather couch or car interior will crack after years of people sitting on it. Consistency
: It ensures that a leather batch from one tannery meets the same flexibility requirements as a batch from another.
: It verifies that the "paint" or protective coating is actually bonded to the leather and won't flake off. www.testextextile.com Accessing the PDF
Because ASTM standards are copyrighted, the full PDF is not typically available for free.
ASTM D618-21 is the current standard practice for conditioning plastics for testing, establishing uniform temperature and humidity protocols to ensure reliable data comparison across laboratories. Purpose and Significance
Physical and electrical properties of plastics are highly sensitive to environmental factors. This standard is used to:
Achieve Reproducibility: Ensure test results are consistent regardless of a material's previous history of exposure.
Establish Baseline: Create a conditional baseline for temperature and humidity.
Predict Performance: Subject materials to specific conditions to predict how they will behave in service. Key Conditioning Procedures
The standard identifies several specific procedures based on the required environment:
Procedure A (Standard Laboratory Atmosphere): Specimens are conditioned at 23°C and 50% relative humidity. Duration: 40 hours for specimens ≤is less than or equal to 7 mm thick; 88 hours for specimens > 7 mm.
Procedure B: Oven conditioning at 50°C for 48 hours followed by desiccation.
Procedure C: Water immersion at 50°C for 48 hours, then cooled to 23°C before testing. Procedure D: High humidity conditioning (96% RH at 23°C). Notation and Technical Details
Designation Format: Conditions are recorded as Time / Temperature / Humidity (e.g., 96/23/50 means 96 hours at 23°C and 50% RH).
Precedence: If a specific material specification (found in ASTM D4000) contradicts this practice, the material-specific standard takes precedence.
International Comparison: This standard is technically related to ISO 291, though they differ in content; ISO 291 describes only two standard atmospheres.
Official PDF versions of this 4-page standard can be purchased or viewed through ASTM International or authorized distributors like Intertek Inform.
Standard Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing - ASTM
Based on your request for "ASTM D61821 pdf," it is highly likely you are looking for one of two distinct ASTM standards that share similar numbers. 1. ASTM D618-21: Conditioning Plastics for Testing ASTM D6182-21 (updated as ASTM D6182-23) serves as
This is the most common standard associated with these digits. It establishes the mandatory environmental "pre-conditioning" required for plastic specimens before they undergo mechanical, thermal, or electrical testing.
Core Purpose: Standardizes temperature and humidity to ensure test results are accurate and repeatable across different laboratories. Key Procedures:
Procedure A: 40+ hours at 23°C and 50% relative humidity (the most common "Standard Laboratory Atmosphere"). Procedure B: 48 hours at 50°C (for rapid drying).
Procedure C: 96 hours at 35°C and 90% humidity (for high moisture impact).
Official Document: You can find the full specification at the ASTM D618-21 page.
2. ASTM D6182-23: Flexibility and Adhesion of Finish on Leather
If your work involves textiles or leather rather than raw plastics, this is the relevant standard.
Standard Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing - ASTM
ASTM D618-21 is the active standard practice for conditioning plastics before conducting physical, mechanical, or electrical tests. This protocol establishes the specific environmental baselines required to achieve reproducible results, ensuring that test data can be reliably compared across different materials and laboratories.
Because the molecular structure of polymers is highly sensitive to ambient temperature and atmospheric moisture, skipping or altering the conditioning phase invalidates standard testing. Authentic copies of the document can be searched and officially acquired via the ASTM International D618-21 Product Page. Why Conditioning Matters in Plastic Testing
Plastics are viscoelastic materials. Their mechanical strength, impact resistance, and electrical insulation properties change depending on the amount of moisture they have absorbed and the temperature of their surroundings.
Moisture Sensitivity: Polyamides (nylons) are hygroscopic. They absorb moisture from the air, which acts as a plasticizer, lowering tensile strength but increasing flexibility.
Thermal History: Polymer chains slowly relax over time. Exposing them to specific temperatures accelerates this relaxation to produce uniform internal stress baselines.
Reproducibility: Without controlling the environment both before and during a test, a lab in a humid tropical region will yield completely different data than a lab in an arid environment testing the exact same raw batch of material. Standard Laboratory Atmosphere
The baseline environment for most plastic testing is the Standard Laboratory Atmosphere. Unless otherwise dictated by a high-precedence material specification, the default parameters dictated by ASTM D618-21 are as follows: Standard Value Standard Tolerance Temperature 23 °C (73.4 °F) ± 2 °C (± 3.6 °F) Relative Humidity
Note: For tests demanding higher precision, tighter tolerances of ± 1 °C and ± 5% RH are actively invoked. The Primary Conditioning Procedures
ASTM D618 outlines several distinct protocols to prepare plastic specimens. The correct procedure depends strictly on the test objectives and the polymer's thickness: 🌀 Procedure A: Standard Atmosphere
This is the most widely utilized default method for general testing.
Thickness ≤ 7 mm (0.25 in): Conditioned for a minimum of 40 hours. Thickness > 7 mm: Conditioned for a minimum of 88 hours.
Objective: Brings test specimens into equilibrium with average room conditions to stabilize mechanical properties. 烘 Procedure B: Elevated Temperature & Desiccation Specimen: A sample prepared according to section 7
Conditioning: Exposed to 50 °C (122 °F) in a circulating-air oven for 48 hours.
Cooling: Transferred to a desiccator over anhydrous calcium chloride to cool to room temperature before handling.
Objective: Commonly used to determine the effects of moderate drying or to provide quick, reproducible results for thermosetting plastics. 💧 Procedure C: Severe Humidity
Conditioning: Exposed to 90% relative humidity at 35 °C (95 °F) for a duration of 96 hours.
Objective: Used specifically to evaluate polymer resistance and degradation behavior under severe moisture exposure. 🌊 Procedure D & E: Water Immersion
Procedure D: Immersion in distilled water at 23 °C for 24 hours.
Procedure E: Immersion in distilled water at 50 °C for 48 hours, followed by a rapid water-cooling phase to bring it back to 23 °C.
Objective: Heavily utilized in electrical and high-stress mechanical testing to ensure maximum water saturation. How to Correctly Read ASTM D618 Coded Designations
To condense reporting metrics, ASTM D618 uses a specific shorthand sequence written as Hours / Temperature / Humidity.
Condition 96/23/50: This instructs the technician to condition the plastic specimen for 96 hours at 23 °C and 50% relative humidity.
Condition 48/50/water: This instructs the technician to condition the specimen for 48 hours immersed in water maintained at 50 °C.
Add-on "T": If you see a code like Condition 24/180 : T—180, it means to condition the material for 24 hours at 180 °C, and then actively conduct the physical test at that same 180 °C temperature. Accessing the Official Document
To integrate this standard practice into an ISO 17025 certified laboratory framework, a physical or licensed digital file must be purchased. You can easily acquire and view the official documentation using these secure access pathways:
ASTM D618 Plastic Specimen Conditioning Testing - Infinita Lab
ASTM D6182-21 establishes a standardized, Bally flexometer-based method for evaluating the flexibility and adhesion of surface coatings on finished leather, specifically detecting cracking, delamination, and discoloration. The test simulates real-world stress on materials for applications like footwear and upholstery, ensuring quality control by simulating continuous flexing. For the full standard, visit ASTM International.
Based on the numbering sequence and common ASTM standards, it is highly likely you are looking for ASTM D6182 (Standard Test Method for Nonvolatile Matter of Unsaturated Polyester Resins) or possibly ASTM D618 (Standard Test Methods for Water Absorption).
Assuming you meant ASTM D6182, here are the helpful features and key details regarding this standard:
The confusion starts with the number itself. ASTM standards follow a strict format: Designation (e.g., D = plastics), number, and year of publication. When someone searches “ASTM D61821 PDF,” they’re likely thinking of ASTM D618-21—the 2021 version of the Standard Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing. The missing hyphen? A common typo, but one with big implications. There is no ASTM D61821 standard—only a corrected, modern take on an aging protocol.
In the world of materials science and quality control, precision is paramount. When searching for "astm d61821 pdf", professionals are typically looking for a specific technical standard related to the conditioning of plastic specimens before testing. However, a critical first step must be addressed: ASTM D61821 does not exist as a current, active standard.
The most likely scenario is a typographical error or a misremembered standard number. The correct, widely-used standard is ASTM D618 (Standard Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing). The addition of "21" at the end often misleads users into thinking there is a version from 2021 or a specific subsection.
This article will serve two purposes: